Keywords
state regulation
management models
private sector
public-private partnership
international cooperation
standardization
sustainable development
digitalization
tourism policy
How to Cite
Abstract
In the context of economic globalization and growing competition in the international travel market, the issues of effective tourism state regulation of are becoming particularly relevant. This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of existing models of state intervention in the tourism sector, applied in various socio-economic environments. The article purpose is to identify optimal regulatory mechanisms that can ensure a balance between the economic business interests, the safety of tourists and the natural and cultural preservation of the regional potential. The research focuses on four fundamental regulatory models. The first one is the direct management and control model, which involves direct government involvement in infrastructure projects. The second model is the liberalization one, aimed at creating favorable conditions for private entrepreneurship. The third is the public-private partnership (PPP) model, which provides synergy between government and business resources. The fourth one is the model of international cooperation and standardization, contributing to the unification of quality and safety requirements. The research methodology is based on a comparison of legislative frameworks and practical experience in implementing regulatory models in countries with different economic structures (Russia, China, France, Spain, Turkey). The paper systematizes the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, assesses potential threats, including bureaucratic costs and environmental risks in the spontaneous market development. Special attention is paid to the transition to the principles of sustainability, flow management digitalization and consideration of the local community’s opinion. The author argues that there is no universal solution as the maximum effect is provided by a combined model including government strategizing, business flexibility and international partnership. The study concluded that effective government regulation is the foundation for sustainable growth, ensuring a balance between economic benefits, heritage preservation, environmental safety and the residential well-being of host regions.
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